With tensions between the US, Israel, and Iran intensifying and maritime routes such as the Strait of Hormuz, Red Sea, and Bab-el-Mandeb facing heightened risks, concerns over the impact on India’s energy security are growing. 

India’s energy system is structurally dependent on martime supply chains, as India is the world’s third largest energy consumer and second largest energy importer, importing around one-third of its total energy supply in the world. It ranks as the world’s third largest crude oil importer and the fourth largest importer of liquefied natural gas (LPG). Oil imports stand at approximately 240-250 million tonnes annually, with an import dependency of nearly around 85-90%. LPG imports are around 26-27 million tonnes, with roughly 50% dependency, while liquified petroleum gas (LPG) imports are around 20-21 million tonnes, that is, around 60% dependency. 

Due to the further exacerbation of India’s coastal imbalance. The West Coast handles approximately 65-70% of India’s oil imports, 75-80% of the LNG imports, and 55-60% of LPG imports. Nearly 60-65% of refining capacity and 70-75% of LPG regasification capacity are located on the West Coast. The term “regasification” refers to the industrial process of warming LNG from its cryogenic storage temperature (-162°C) back into its standard gaseous state for distribution and consumption.

India’s energy infrastructure is hence heavily reliant on the Arabian Sea and vulnerable to the Bab-el-Mandeb chokepoints and the Strait of Hormuz. The refineries in Jamnagar and Vadinar, which together account for one-third of India’s total refining production, are within striking distance of Pakistani swarm drone assaults, making the westward shift a significant national security risk.

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